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The Paradigm library.

Scholarship, firm papers and presentations, each linked to its public source.

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  • April 2024

    Sweepstakes and Giveaways, Rules, and Best Practices

    Charles L. Slamowitz

    National Business Institute (NBI) CLE course material

    Archived April 2024 NBI CLE course material. It reflects the law and teaching context at the time, not current legal guidance.

    Topics: Sweepstakes · Promotions law

  • Discussion draft | September 26, 2026

    Temporary exemptive relief for tokenized securities venues

    Charles L. Slamowitz

    A tokenized stock trade can settle on a blockchain and still leave a legal dispute unresolved. My proposal is that venues using the SEC's temporary exemption should have a real process for handling complaints, preserving evidence and carrying out lawful remedies. Participants should know which law and forum apply, who controls the systems, and how a decision can be enforced. Private dispute resolution would not replace the SEC, courts or rights that cannot be waived. This is my discussion draft, not an SEC rule or an adopted requirement.

    Topics: Tokenized securities · Dispute resolution

  • Apr. 7, 2024

    The Future of Law: Legal Expert Predictions on the Evolution of AI, Crypto, & Beyond

    Charles L. Slamowitz, Esq.

    Texas Eclipse | Onchain stage · Updated edition

    Updated edition of the archived April 2024 Texas Eclipse talk deck. It reflects the 2024 teaching context, not current legal guidance.

    Topics: AI · Crypto

  • Proposal for consideration | September 26, 2026

    Artificial Intelligence in Adjudication and Recognition of Party-Chosen Specialized Forums

    Charles L. Slamowitz

    AI can help a judge or arbitrator organize the record. It should not decide the case. I propose clear limits on administrative and analytical uses, disclosure where needed, and independent human judgment. I also propose voluntary standards for specialist dispute centers that can handle technical AI evidence. Parties could choose a qualified center, but its certification would not give it power over strangers or remove court review and protected rights. The recognition route needs legislative and federal-law review. These are proposals, not current law.

    Topics: AI in adjudication · Specialized forums

Published scholarship

  • 2018

    Adjusting The Dress Code: Implementing Trade Dress Reform to Burgeon User Experience (UX) Protections

    Charles L. Slamowitz

    The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts 41(1), 99–123 (2018)

    Topics: Trade dress · User experience

  • 2014

    Navigating the DOJ FCPA Opinion Procedure: Certainty for Businesses Facing Increased, Indeterminate Anti-Bribery Enforcement

    Fahad A. Juneja

    34 Journal of the National Association of Administrative Law Judiciary 283 (2014)

    Topics: FCPA · Anti-bribery enforcement

  • 2020

    Profiteering Off Public Health Crises: The Viable Cure for Congressional Insider Trading

    Charles L. Slamowitz

    Washington and Lee Law Review Online, vol. 77 (2020)

    Topics: Insider trading · Congress

Firm papers and white papers

  • September 2026

    Building Trust Before Automation: Estonia's Integration of AI in its Courts

    Pranjal Kumar, Fahad A. Juneja, Charles L. Slamowitz

    Paradigm, September 2026. Paradigm paper.

    Topics: AI in courts · Estonia

Presentations and talks

  • June 2024

    Employee Privacy and E-Monitoring in the Remote Workplace

    Charles L. Slamowitz and Lacey Gutierrez

    National Business Institute (NBI) CLE course material

    Archived June 2024 NBI CLE teaching material. It reflects the law and teaching context at the time, not current legal guidance. The 2024 design, portraits, biographies and contact details inside the PDF are historical content, not current Paradigm credentials or contacts.

    Topics: Employee privacy · E-monitoring

  • November 9, 2026

    Coming up November 9: NBI Gemini and AI governance for legal practice

    Charles L. Slamowitz and Fahad A. Juneja

    Teaching with NBI

    Practical workflows, human review and protecting client information.

    Topics: Gemini · AI governance · Legal practice

Alerts

  • October 9, 2026

    UK Judiciary Sets Human Decision and AI Approval Safeguards

    Paradigm

    The judiciary's position statement permits approved AI support but keeps reasoning, evidence evaluation and decisions with judicial office holders.

    Topics: Judiciary · Sets · Human · Decision · and · Approval · Safeguards

  • October 6, 2026

    World Bank Urges Practical AI Adoption and Stronger Foundations in Africa

    Paradigm

    The October Africa Economic Update pairs locally adapted, low bandwidth AI applications with investment in the foundations needed to use them.

    Topics: World · Bank · Urges · Practical · Adoption · and · Stronger · Foundations · Africa

  • October 12, 2026

    Third Circuit Affirms Copyright and Fair Use Rulings in ROSS Case

    Paradigm

    An opinion reported unsealed on October 12 affirms partial summary judgment over Westlaw headnotes while distinguishing generative AI.

    Topics: Third · Circuit · Affirms · Copyright · and · Fair · Use · Rulings · ROSS · Case

  • October 8, 2026

    USA Today Publishers Sue OpenAI Over Training and Outputs

    Paradigm

    Fourteen publisher entities seek more than $250 million and other relief in a complaint alleging unauthorized copying and competing outputs.

    Topics: USA · Today · Publishers · Sue · OpenAI · Over · Training · and · Outputs

  • October 12, 2026

    UNCITRAL Lists Vienna Session and Damages Side Events

    Paradigm

    Official listings schedule the 55th Working Group III session for October 12 to 16, with provisional side events on damages, counterclaims and mediation.

    Topics: UNCITRAL · Lists · Vienna · Session · and · Damages · Side · Events

  • October 9, 2026

    Bitquery Reports Concentration and Timing Disputes in Polymarket Resolution

    Paradigm

    A Bitquery study reports concentrated voting weight and frequent timing corrections, but removing the largest voters changed none of the sampled outcomes.

    Topics: Bitquery · Reports · Concentration · and · Timing · Disputes · Polymarket · Resolution

  • October 9, 2026

    Factorial Discloses ICDR Vendor Award

    Paradigm

    An October 9 SEC filing discloses an October 7 final award requiring a net payment of approximately $4.5 million in a contractual vendor dispute.

    Topics: Factorial · Discloses · ICDR · Vendor · Award

  • October 8, 2026

    ESMA Sets Supervisory Expectations for Noncompliant Stablecoin Services

    Paradigm

    An opinion to national supervisors covers all MiCA crypto asset services, with strictly limited services for an orderly wind down.

    Topics: ESMA · Sets · Supervisory · Expectations · for · Noncompliant · Stablecoin · Services

  • October 9, 2026

    Hong Kong Consults on Electronic Awards and Arbitration Reform

    Paradigm

    A stakeholder consultation closing October 27 proposes electronic awards, revised enforcement stays and other arbitration reforms.

    Topics: Hong · Kong · Consults · Electronic · Awards · and · Arbitration · Reform

  • October 9, 2026

    Court of Appeal Reopens Bitcoin Transfer Order Affecting Nonparty Exchange

    Paradigm

    A September 28 judgment addresses a nonparty exchange's right to challenge an order under CPR 40.9; ownership and repayment remain unresolved.

    Topics: Court · Appeal · Reopens · Bitcoin · Transfer · Order · Affecting · Nonparty · Exchange

  • October 8, 2026

    CORD Rules Version 2 Address AI Use and Optional Appeals

    Paradigm

    CORD lists Version 2 dated September 4, 2026, with an AI Practice Note and an optional appeal process.

    Topics: CORD · Rules · Version · Address · Use · and · Optional · Appeals

  • October 8, 2026

    CFTC Seeks Comment on Crypto Asset Transactions and Markets

    Paradigm

    An October 5 advance notice seeks public input on possible CTX and CAM regulation.

    Topics: CFTC · Seeks · Comment · Crypto · Asset · Transactions · and · Markets

  • October 7, 2026

    SEC Proposes Crypto Asset Custody Framework

    Paradigm

    On October 1, 2026, the SEC proposed a framework addressing custody of crypto assets under the Investment Advisers Act and Investment Company Act.

    Topics: SEC · Proposes · Crypto · Asset · Custody · Framework

  • September 29, 2026

    LASST Complaint Seeks Injunction Over OpenAI Agent Intrusion

    Paradigm

    A complaint published by LASST alleges unauthorized agent access to Hugging Face and seeks injunctive relief; the allegations remain unresolved.

    Topics: LASST · Complaint · Seeks · Injunction · Over · OpenAI · Agent · Intrusion

  • October 3, 2026

    BIA Designates AI-Related Reciprocal Discipline Decision as Precedent

    Paradigm

    Matter of Sethi became precedent October 1; its six-month reciprocal suspension runs from June 13, 2026.

    Topics: BIA · Designates · Related · Reciprocal · Discipline · Decision · Precedent

  • October 3, 2026

    ICBA Challenges OCC National Trust Bank Rule

    Paradigm

    ICBA filed an October 2 challenge in D.D.C.; its claims about OCC authority remain allegations.

    Topics: ICBA · Challenges · OCC · National · Trust · Bank · Rule

  • October 3, 2026

    African Court Outlines Judicial Digitalization Priorities

    Paradigm

    The Court’s 2026–2028 strategic plan includes greater digitalization and institutional capacity.

    Topics: African · Court · Outlines · Judicial · Digitalization · Priorities

  • September 30, 2026

    UK FCA Opens Crypto Authorisation Gateway

    Paradigm

    The FCA opened its cryptoasset authorisation gateway on September 30; firms intending to continue operating should apply by February 28, 2027.

    Topics: FCA · Opens · Crypto · Authorisation · Gateway

  • September 29, 2026

    D.C. Circuit Upholds Claude Supply-Chain Exclusion

    Paradigm

    The D.C. Circuit rejected Anthropic's challenge to the Department of War's exclusion of Claude from its supply chain.

    Topics: Circuit · Upholds · Claude · Supply · Chain · Exclusion

  • September 29, 2026

    Google Contests EU Rules on Android AI Access and Search Data

    Paradigm

    Google is contesting Commission measures on Android AI access and search-data sharing; its appeal is attributed to reporting.

    Topics: Google · Contests · Rules · Android · Access · and · Search · Data

  • September 29, 2026

    Florida Seeks Temporary Limits on OpenAI; Astra Report Raises Authorization Questions

    Paradigm

    Florida moved for a temporary injunction against OpenAI; separately, reports say OpenAI shelved a GPT-6.1 Astra release after internal tests.

    Topics: Florida · Seeks · Temporary · Limits · OpenAI · Astra · Report · Raises · Authorization · Questions

  • September 29, 2026

    ADX and Southern African Exchanges Agree to Explore Tabadul Links

    Paradigm

    ADX Group and CoSSE signed a memorandum of understanding to explore possible connections to the Tabadul network.

    Topics: ADX · and · Southern · African · Exchanges · Agree · Explore · Tabadul · Links

  • September 28, 2026

    Clio Names Bridget McCormack to Judiciary Role

    Paradigm

    Clio announced Bridget Mary McCormack will join in October as General Manager, Judiciary.

    Topics: Clio · Names · Bridget · McCormack · Judiciary · Role

  • September 28, 2026

    EBA Sets Out Priorities for MiCA Review

    Paradigm

    The EBA responded to the Commission's targeted MiCA review consultation; its points are recommendations, not enacted changes.

    Topics: EBA · Sets · Out · Priorities · for · MiCA · Review

  • September 28, 2026

    Music Publishers Sue Anthropic Over Alleged Lyrics Copying

    Paradigm

    Music publishers filed a complaint against Anthropic in the Northern District of California; the claims are unresolved allegations.

    Topics: Music · Publishers · Sue · Anthropic · Over · Alleged · Lyrics · Copying

  • September 28, 2026

    South African Court Treats Bitcoin as Money and Capital for Exchange Controls

    Paradigm

    A Johannesburg High Court judgment held Bitcoin is money and capital under exchange-control rules and upheld forfeiture orders.

    Topics: South · African · Court · Treats · Bitcoin · Money · and · Capital · for · Exchange · Controls

  • September 27, 2026

    The Clearing House Selects Quant for Planned On-Chain Network

    Paradigm

    The Clearing House named Quant as technology partner for its planned On-Chain Money Initiative; no live network was announced.

    Topics: The · Clearing · House · Selects · Quant · for · Planned · Chain · Network

  • September 27, 2026

    Italy Publishes AI Liability Decree, Effective September 30

    Paradigm

    Legislative Decree No. 160/2026 entered into force September 30; its high-risk AI offences depend on specified omissions and resulting danger.

    Topics: Italy · Publishes · Liability · Decree · Effective · September

  • September 25, 2026

    California Governor Signs SB 574 on Legal Professionals and AI

    Paradigm

    The Governor's September 30 announcement lists SB 574 among the signed bills.

    Topics: California · Governor · Signs · 574 · Legal · Professionals · and

  • September 24, 2026

    UNDP Calls for Locally Grounded AI Governance in Africa

    Paradigm

    UNDP authors argue for locally grounded capabilities, risk management and value tied to African priorities.

    Topics: UNDP · Calls · for · Locally · Grounded · Governance · Africa

  • September 23, 2026

    AAA and Jus Mundi Survey AI Use in U.S. Arbitration

    Paradigm

    A 557-person practitioner survey found greater trust among regular users, alongside accuracy and confidentiality concerns.

    Topics: AAA · and · Jus · Mundi · Survey · Use · Arbitration

  • September 22, 2026

    Oxford Scholars Continue Debate Over Crowdsourced Arbitration

    Paradigm

    A scholarly rejoinder argues that prediction-based voting remains distinct from adjudication; it is not a court ruling.

    Topics: Oxford · Scholars · Continue · Debate · Over · Crowdsourced · Arbitration

  • September 22, 2026

    European Central Banks Urge MiCA Stablecoin Reserve Change

    Paradigm

    European central banks recommended a MiCA reserve-rule change; the proposal is not adopted law.

    Topics: European · Central · Banks · Urge · MiCA · Stablecoin · Reserve · Change

  • September 22, 2026

    Kenya's President Calls for African AI Capacity

    Paradigm

    President William Ruto called for African AI capacity grounded in local languages, infrastructure, skills and priorities.

    Topics: Kenya · President · Calls · for · African · Capacity

  • September 21, 2026

    Kenya and Hoover Institution Agree to AI Cooperation

    Paradigm

    A joint declaration creates a framework for cooperation on AI, technology, research and policy.

    Topics: Kenya · and · Hoover · Institution · Agree · Cooperation

  • September 18, 2026

    AI Developers Face Antitrust Complaint Over Alleged Coordination

    Paradigm

    A proposed class action alleges coordination among AI developers; no finding of collusion has been made.

    Topics: Developers · Face · Antitrust · Complaint · Over · Alleged · Coordination

  • September 18, 2026

    Sony and Universal Bring New Suno Copyright Suit

    Paradigm

    Sony and Universal allege Suno's v6 model remains tied to earlier infringement; the defense and merits are unresolved.

    Topics: Sony · and · Universal · Bring · New · Suno · Copyright · Suit

  • September 18, 2026

    EU MiCA Review Consultation Open Through Sept. 30

    Paradigm

    The European Commission's targeted MiCA review consultation remains open through Sept. 30 at 23:59 CEST.

    Topics: MiCA · Review · Consultation · Open · Through · Sept

  • September 17, 2026

    SEC Grants Conditional Relief for Tokenized-Stock Trading

    Paradigm

    The SEC granted temporary, conditional exemptions, not a blanket license for public-blockchain trading.

    Topics: SEC · Grants · Conditional · Relief · for · Tokenized · Stock · Trading

  • September 17, 2026

    U.S. Judiciary Updates AI Guidance for Federal Courts

    Paradigm

    Interim guidance cautions courts not to delegate core judicial functions to AI; further guidance is expected.

    Topics: Judiciary · Updates · Guidance · for · Federal · Courts

  • September 17, 2026

    Wits LINK Centre and CRASA Sign Digital-Policy MoU

    Paradigm

    An MoU covers regional digital-policy research and capacity building; activities depend on institutional processes, funding and project agreements.

    Topics: Wits · LINK · Centre · and · CRASA · Sign · Digital · Policy · MoU

  • September 16, 2026

    U.K. Courts Minister Urges Careful Court AI Adoption

    Paradigm

    A minister urged embracing AI in the justice system; this is a statement and development plans, not deployment.

    Topics: Courts · Minister · Urges · Careful · Court · Adoption

  • September 16, 2026

    HKIAC Kigali Workshop on Arbitration Clauses for Chinese-African Transactions

    Paradigm

    HKIAC advertised a Kigali workshop on arbitration clauses for Chinese-African transactions. Event listing only.

    Topics: HKIAC · Kigali · Workshop · Arbitration · Clauses · for · Chinese · African · Transactions

  • September 15, 2026

    Senate Rejects Cloture on Digital-Asset CLARITY Act

    Paradigm

    The Senate rejected cloture 49 to 50, with one not voting. The failed procedural vote does not bar the bill from returning.

    Topics: Senate · Rejects · Cloture · Digital · Asset · CLARITY · Act

  • September 15, 2026

    African Court and UNESCO Train Court Staff on AI

    Paradigm

    A four-day seminar trained judges and court staff on responsible AI use and fairness risks.

    Topics: African · Court · and · UNESCO · Train · Court · Staff

  • September 14, 2026

    NY AG Leads 18-State Coalition Opposing CLARITY Act

    Paradigm

    An 18-state coalition opposed the CLARITY Act over state anti-fraud enforcement concerns; this is the coalition's position.

    Topics: Leads · State · Coalition · Opposing · CLARITY · Act

  • September 12, 2026

    Anthropic CEO Calls for Slower Frontier-Model Development

    Paradigm

    Reuters reports the Anthropic CEO called for slowing frontier-model capability gains, with independent evaluators; Altman publicly agreed.

    Topics: Anthropic · CEO · Calls · for · Slower · Frontier · Model · Development

  • September 10, 2026

    Anthropic Threat-Intelligence Report Details Attacks on Customer Environments

    Paradigm

    Anthropic's report describes attacks on customer environments and API key abuse; it says its own systems were not compromised.

    Topics: Anthropic · Threat · Intelligence · Report · Details · Attacks · Customer · Environments

  • September 9, 2026

    Suno Announces v6 Model With Industry Partners

    Paradigm

    Suno says its v6 model was developed with industry partners; that does not establish licensing terms or resolve litigation.

    Topics: Suno · Announces · Model · With · Industry · Partners

  • September 9, 2026

    AAA Announces Leadership Transition

    Paradigm

    Bridget McCormack steps down Oct. 2; Steve Errick becomes interim CEO. The release did not name the new organization.

    Topics: AAA · Announces · Leadership · Transition

  • 2026

    UNCITRAL Tenth Working Group III Intersessional in Vietnam

    Paradigm

    UNCITRAL lists its tenth Working Group III intersessional meeting in Vietnam on investment-dispute-settlement reform.

    Topics: UNCITRAL · Tenth · Working · Group · III · Intersessional · Vietnam

  • September 4, 2026

    Authors Guild Details Anthropic Settlement Claims Reconciliation

    Paradigm

    The Authors Guild explains settlement claims reconciliation, overlapping title claims and a staged dispute process.

    Topics: Authors · Guild · Details · Anthropic · Settlement · Claims · Reconciliation

  • September 4, 2026

    Quebec Courts Set Common Guidelines for Judges' Use of Generative AI

    Paradigm

    Shared guidelines keep judicial reasoning and decisions with human judges while permitting bounded assistance.

    Topics: Quebec · Courts · Set · Common · Guidelines · for · Judges · Use · Generative

  • September 4, 2026

    Individual Internet-Draft Proposes Agent-Dispute Protocol

    Paradigm

    An individual Internet-Draft proposes an agent-dispute protocol; it is not IETF-endorsed or a formal standard.

    Topics: Individual · Internet · Draft · Proposes · Agent · Dispute · Protocol

  • September 2026

    Botswana Employment and Labour Relations Act Takes Effect

    Paradigm

    Botswana's Employment and Labour Relations Act 2025 took effect in September, establishing a Mediation and Arbitration Commission.

    Topics: Botswana · Employment · and · Labour · Relations · Act · Takes · Effect

  • September 1, 2026

    Ireland Requires Verification of GenAI-Assisted Court Filings

    Paradigm

    Practice Direction HC 142 requires independent verification of GenAI-assisted court documents; noncompliance may bring sanctions.

    Topics: Ireland · Requires · Verification · GenAI · Assisted · Court · Filings

  • September 2026

    WIPO Artificial Intelligence Infrastructure Interchange

    Paradigm

    A WIPO dialogue addresses AI-related technical infrastructure; WIPO says it does not set policy or legal standards.

    Topics: WIPO · Artificial · Intelligence · Infrastructure · Interchange

  • August 31, 2026

    Sony and Warner Sue Anthropic Over Song Compositions

    Paradigm

    A complaint alleges unauthorized use of song compositions in Claude training; Anthropic asserts fair use.

    Topics: Sony · and · Warner · Sue · Anthropic · Over · Song · Compositions

  • August 26, 2026

    Singapore Court Rejects Tata Power's Challenges to SIAC Award

    Paradigm

    The court dismissed three challenges to a roughly US$490 million award; the judgment illustrates disclosure and set-aside standards.

    Topics: Singapore · Court · Rejects · Tata · Power · Challenges · SIAC · Award

  • August 25, 2026

    South African Court Hears Appeal Over Digital Social Grants

    Paradigm

    An appeal over online-only social-grant applications raises access and fairness questions; judgment was reserved.

    Topics: South · African · Court · Hears · Appeal · Over · Digital · Social · Grants

  • August 24, 2026

    Australia Fair Work Commission Issues GenAI Case Guidance

    Paradigm

    GenAI case guidance, applicable from Oct. 20, requires disclosure, accuracy checks and personal verification of witness statements.

    Topics: Australia · Fair · Work · Commission · Issues · GenAI · Case · Guidance

  • August 17, 2026

    Mauritius Ratifies the Singapore Convention on Mediation

    Paradigm

    UNCITRAL confirms Mauritius ratified the Singapore Convention on Mediation; entry into force for Mauritius is Feb. 17, 2027.

    Topics: Mauritius · Ratifies · the · Singapore · Convention · Mediation

  • August 2026

    Kleros Commerce and Agentic Commerce Courts Live on V2 Mainnet

    Paradigm

    Kleros documentation says two commerce courts went live on V2 mainnet; parameters and pilot design remain under discussion.

    Topics: Kleros · Commerce · and · Agentic · Commerce · Courts · Live · Mainnet

  • July 31, 2026

    Munich Regional Court Rules for GEMA Against Suno

    Paradigm

    GEMA says Munich's regional court ruled for it against Suno; the claim is as GEMA states it.

    Topics: Munich · Regional · Court · Rules · for · GEMA · Against · Suno

  • July 30, 2026

    Granola Faces Proposed Class Action Over Meeting-Note Consent

    Paradigm

    A proposed class action alleges undisclosed capture and training use; the claims are not established product behavior or a ruling.

    Topics: Granola · Faces · Proposed · Class · Action · Over · Meeting · Note · Consent

  • July 29, 2026

    AAA Launches Web3 Arbitrator Panel

    Paradigm

    AAA launched a specialist Web3 arbitrator panel for blockchain, smart contract and digital asset disputes.

    Topics: AAA · Launches · Web3 · Arbitrator · Panel

  • July 20, 2026

    Court Grants Final Approval to $1.5B Bartz/Anthropic Settlement

    Paradigm

    Final approval covers specified past input-copying claims, not outputs or future conduct.

    Topics: Court · Grants · Final · Approval · Bartz · Anthropic · Settlement

  • July 6, 2026

    UNCITRAL Adopts Texts on Electronic Arbitral Awards and Notices

    Paradigm

    UNCITRAL adopted texts facilitating the use of electronic arbitral awards and notices of arbitration.

    Topics: UNCITRAL · Adopts · Texts · Electronic · Arbitral · Awards · and · Notices

  • 2026

    Kenya Artificial Intelligence Bill Pending in the Senate

    Paradigm

    Kenya's Artificial Intelligence Bill 2026 exists as a Senate bill, not enacted law.

    Topics: Kenya · Artificial · Intelligence · Bill · Pending · the · Senate

  • 2026

    JAMS Posts Request for Information for AI Expert Vendors

    Paradigm

    JAMS posted a request for information for AI expert vendors.

    Topics: JAMS · Posts · Request · for · Information · for · Expert · Vendors

  • 2026

    UK SRA Warns Solicitors on Misuse of AI

    Paradigm

    The SRA published a warning notice on the misuse of AI by solicitors.

    Topics: SRA · Warns · Solicitors · Misuse